“Ten Versions of the Same Scene” 40 years later: Understanding and teaching the landscape concept
Abstract
This paper aims to return to the importance of addressing the concept of landscape, and how to teach it, in a multidimensional way, through different perspectives. Starting from Meinig’s (1979a) The Beholding Eyes: Ten Versions of the Same Scene, we first reflect on how this paper is still effective as a proposal for approaching the landscape issue and its polysemy. The ten organising ideas proposed in the text can be grouped along three axes: a) the human-nature interrelationship, b) the form vs. function debate and analytical scheme and c) human/cultural perspectives on landscape meanings and values. More than four decades later, Meinig’s scheme seems to remain malleable and adaptive to a series of issues, concerns and purposes resulting from new circumstances arising from world change and socio-cultural transformation. Thereafter, we present a didactical exercise set for a group of master’s students that starts from Meinig’s paper and aims to acquire the skill of taking different perspectives on landscapes. The results of the students’ work confirm how effectively the exercise achieves this aim. In particular, it is noteworthy how the students’ gaze, once they have acquired the ability to manage complexity and take into consideration the polysemy of landscape, opens up towards the future of landscapes, generating conscious proposals for actions.References
Adevi A.A. and Grahn P., “Preferences for landscape: a matter of cultural determinants or innate reflexes that point to our evolutionary background?”, Landscape Research, 37, 1, 2012, pp. 27-49.
Antrop M. and Van Eetvelde V., “From teaching geography to landscape education for all”, in Jørgensen K., Karadeniz N., Mertens E. and Stiles R. (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Teaching Landscape, London-New York, Routledge, 2019, pp. 31-44.
Appleton J., The Experience of Landscape, New York, John Wiley and Sons, 1975.
Birdsall S.S., “Learning to See Landscape Through a Flexible Lens”, Journal of Geography, 102, 1, 2003, pp. 29-34.
Calcagno Maniglio A., “Landscape and education”, in Council of Europe, Landscape Dimensions. Reflections and Proposals for the Implementation of the European Landscape Convention, Strasbourg, Council of Europe Publishing, 2017, pp. 55-120.
Castiglioni B., “Education on landscape for children”, in Council of Europe, Landscape facets. Reflections and proposals for the implementation of the European Landscape Convention, Strasbourg, Council of Europe Publishing, 2012, pp. 217-267.
Castiglioni B., Paesaggio e società. Una prospettiva geografica, Rome, Carocci, 2022.
Castiglioni B. and Cisani M., “The complexity of landscape ideas and the issue of landscape democracy in school and non-formal education: exploring pedagogical practices in Italy”, Landscape Research, 47, 2, 2022, pp. 142-154.
Castiglioni B., Cisani M. and Piccolo M., “Camminare nel paesaggio come pratica educativa: prospettive geografiche”, Studium educationis, XXI, 1, 2020, pp. 65-81.
Cosgrove D., Social Formation and Symbolic Landscape, Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 1998.
Dematteis G., “La fertile ambiguità del paesaggio geografico”, in Ortalli G. (Ed.), Le trasformazioni del paesaggio e il caso veneto, Bologna, il Mulino, 2010, pp. 151-173.
Herzog T.R., Herbert E.J., Kaplan R. and Crooks C.L., “Cultural and Developmental Comparisons of Landscape Perceptions and Preferences”, Environment and Behavior, 32, 2000, pp. 323-346.
Jackson J.B., Discovering the Vernacular Landscape, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984.
Leibniz G.W., Political Writings (translated and edited with an Introduction and notes by Patrick Riley), Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1988.
Leibniz G.W., Monadology (A New Translation and Guide to Lloyd Strickland), Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 2014.
Lothian A., “Landscape and the philosophy of aesthetics: is landscape quality inherent in the landscape or in the eye of the beholder?” Landscape and Urban Planning, 44, 1, 1999, pp. 177-198.
Lowenthal D., “Geography, experience, and imagination: towards a geographical epistemology”, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 51, 3, 1961, pp. 241-260.
Luginbühl Y., “Le paysage aujourd’hui et son enseignement”, L’Information Géographique, 60, 1, 1996, pp. 20-29.
Luginbühl Y., La mise en scène du monde. Construction du paysage européen, Paris CNRS, 2012.
Meinig D.W., “The beholding eye. Ten versions of the same scene”, in Meinig D.W. (Ed.), The Interpretation of Ordinary Landscapes: Geographical Essays, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1979a, pp. 33-48.
Meinig D.W. (Ed.), The Interpretation of Ordinary Landscapes: Geographical Essays, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1979b.
Olwig K.R., “The practice of landscape ‘Conventions’ and the just landscape: The case of the European landscape convention”, Landscape Research, 32, 5, 2007, pp 579-594.
Olwig K.R., The Meanings of Landscape: Essays on Place, Space, Environment and Justice, New York, Routledge, 2019.
Palmer J.F., “Stability of landscape perceptions in the face of landscape change”, Landscape and Urban Planning, 37, 1-2, 1997, pp. 109-113.
Pavlis E., “Towards a Geographical Approach to Spatial Conscience and Application in Landscape: The Case of the Greek Countryside”, Ph.D. Thesis, Mytilene, University of the Aegean, 2012.
Purcell A.T., Lamb R.J., Mainardi Peron E. and Falchero S., “Preference or preferences for landscape?”, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 14, 3, 1994, pp. 195-209.
Sevenant M. and Antrop M., “Cognitive attributes and aesthetic preferences in assessment and differentiation of landscapes”, Journal of Environmental Management, 90, 9, 2009, pp. 2889-2899.
Spirn A.W., “Restoring Mill Creek: Landscape literacy, environmental justice and city planning and design”, Landscape Research, 30, 3, 2005, pp. 395-413.
Tress B. and Tress G., “Capitalizing on multiplicity: a transdisciplinary systems approach to landscape research”, Landscape and Urban Planning, 57, 3-4, 2001, pp. 143-157.
Tuan Y.F., “Thought and landscape: the eye and the mind’s eye”, in Meinig D.W. (Ed.), The Interpretation of Ordinary Landscapes: Geographical Essays, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1979, pp. 89-102.
Turri E., Il paesaggio come teatro, Venice, Marsilio, 1998.
Turri E., Il paesaggio e il silenzio, Venice, Marsilio, 2004.
Zube E.H. and Pitt D.G., “Cross-cultural perceptions of scenic and heritage landscapes”, Landscape and Urban Planning, 8, 1, 1981, pp. 69-87.
Zube E.H., Sell J.L. and Taylor J.G., “Landscape perception: research, application and theory”, Landscape Planning, 9, 1, 1982, pp. 1-33.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
The Author assigns to the Nuova Cultura and to Italian Association of Geography Teachers all rights under copyright that can exist in and to the submitted paper. The Author warrants that the paper and images (photos, maps, graphs etc.) are original and that he/she is the Author of the submitted contribution and its parts; in the case of images taken by other publications, the Author must provide a specific authorization and must pay in advance any copyright.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.